Γαλλικός γλωσσικός οδηγός

Περιοχές όπου ομιλούνται τα Γαλλικά

Οδηγός προφοράς

Φωνήεντα

Note: Most final consonants are silent except for c, q, f, l, and r (except in the combination "-er", normally found in verb infinitives). Sometimes, final consonants that are normally silent would be pronounced if followed by a word which starts with a vowel, a phenomenon known as liaison (eg. mes amis would be pronounced MEH-ZAH-MI). Note that the plural ending "-ent" for verbs is never pronounced, though it is pronounced in other words.

b

like "b" in "bed"

c

like "k" in "kill" (before "a", "o", and "u" or before a consonant), like "s" in "sun" (before "e", "i", and "y")

ç

like "s" in "sun" (this letter can only be written before "a" ,"o", or "u")

d

like "d" in "death" (but a bit heavier than in English, and pronounced on the tongue)

dj

like "j" as in "jump", but this digraph is pretty rare.

f

like "f" in "fun"

g

like "g" in "go" (before "a", "o", and "u" or before a consonant) , like "g" in "sabotage" (before "e", "i" and "y").

gu

like "g" in "goose" (before "e", "i", "y"); if the u is to be pronounced, it will be written with a diaresis (eg. aigüe)

gn

like "ny" in "canyon". This is particularly difficult when followed by oi, as in baignoire (beh-NYWAR) "bathtub".

h

silent, but may sometimes prevent a liaison with the former word

j

like "g" in "sabotage"

k

like "k" in "kill" (only used for loanwords)

l, ll

like "l" in "like" ; some exceptions for "ll" in the combination "ille" (pronounced ee-yuh)

m

like "m" in "me"

n

like "n" in "nurse" (but see Nasals below)

p

like "p" in "spill" (unaspirated like the t)

ph

like "f" in "fun" and like "ph" in "Philadelphia"

q(u)

most of the time like "k" in "kill" (not like "qu" in "quick"); in some words like "qu" in "quick" (generally before an "a") or the same but with a French u (generally before an "i")

r

guttural; kind of like coughing up a hairball (similar to a German "ch")

s

like "s" in "sun" ; like "z" in "zero" (between two vowels)

ch

like "sh" in "bush" ; sometimes like "k" in "kill" (in words of Greek origin mostly)

t, th

like "t" in "take" (never like "th" as in "the" or the "th" in "thin") (unaspirated, it should sound dry and on the tongue, like that of a Spanish speaker)

tch

like "ch" as in chat, but this digraph is very rare.

v

like "v" in "value"

w

only in foreign words, mostly like "w" in "wise" and sometimes like "v" in "value" (in particular, "wagon" is "vagon" and "WC" is "VC"!)

x

either ks (like "x" in "exit") or gz

z

like "z" in "zero"

Nasals

an, en, em

nasal a (not always pronounced as a nasal, especially if the n or m is doubled: emmental is pronounced as a normal "emm" sound)

on

nasal o - distinguishing between this and "an" is tricky, it's a deeper, more closed sound

in, ain

nasal è

un

nasal eu (sometimes pronounced the same as 'in')

oin

nasal "wè" (thus, coin is a nasalised "cwè")

Συχνές φράσεις

Βασικά

Ελληνικά	Γαλλικά
Καλημέρα	Βonjour
Τι κάνετε;	Comment allez-vous
Καλά	Βien
Πώς σε λένε;	Quel est votre nom?
Με λένιε...	Mon nom est ...
Ευχαριστώ	Μerci
Παρακαλώ	S'il vous plaît
Είμαι ο...	Je suis le

Προβλήματα

Ελληνικά	Γαλλικά
Αφήστε με ήσυχο	Laisse moi tranquille
Μην με αγγίζεις	Ne me touchez pas
Κλέφτη!	Au voleur!
Θα καλέσω την χωροφυλακή	Je vais appeler la maréchaussée
Χρειάζομαι την βοήθειά σας	J'ai besoin de votre aide
Φωτιά	feu
Είναι επείγον	C'est un cas d'urgence
Είμαι άρρωστος	Je suis malade
Είμαι τραυματισμένος	Je suis blessé
Μπορώ να χρησιμοποιήσω το τηλέφωνό;	Puis-je utiliser le téléphone?

Αριθμοί

1

un/une (uhn)/(uun)

2

deux (deu)

3

trois (trwah)

4

quatre (kahtr)

5

cinq (sihnk)

6

six (sees)

7

sept (set)

8

huit (weet)

9

neuf (neuf)

10

dix (deece)

11

onze (onz)

12

douze (dooz)

13

treize (trayz)

14

quatorze (kat-ORZ)

15

quinze (kihnz)

16

seize (says)

17

dix-sept (dee-SET)

18

dix-huit (dee-ZWEET)

19

dix-neuf (deez-NUF)

20

vingt (vihnt)

21

vingt-et-un (vihng-tay-UHN)

22

vingt-deux (')

23

vingt-trois (βεντρουά)

30

trente (τράντ)

40

quarante (καράντ)

50

cinquante (σανκάντ)

60

soixante (σουαξάντ)

70

soixante-dix (σουαξάντ ντις) or septante (sep-TAHNGT) in Belgium and Switzerland

80

quatre-vingts (κατρ βαν'); huitante (weet-AHNT) in Belgium and Switzerland (except Geneva); octante (oct-AHNT) in Switzerland

90

quatre-vingt-dix (κατρ βαν ντι); nonante (noh-NAHNT) in Belgium and Switzerland

100

cent (σαν)

200

deux cents (ντ σαν')

300

trois cents (τρουά σαν)

1000

mille (meel)

2000

deux mille (deu meel)

1,000,000

un million (ung mee-LYOHN) (treated as a noun when alone: one million euros would be un million d'euros.

1,000,000,000

un milliard

1,000,000,000,000

un billion

αριθμός _____ (τρένο, λεωφορείο, κτλ.)

numéro _____ (νυμερό')

μισό

demi (ντμί), moitié (μουατιέ)

λιγότερο

moins (μουέν)

περισσότερο

plus (πλυς)

Χρόνος

τώρα

maintenant (μεντνάν')

αργότερα

plus tard (πλυ ταρ)

προηγουμένως

avant ('αβάν)

μετά

après (απρέ)

το πρωί

le matin ('λ ματέν)

το απόγευμα

l'après-midi (λ'απρέ μιντί)

το βράδυ

le soir (l σουάρ)

τη νύχτα

la nuit (λα νυί)

την νύχτα, κατά την διάρκεια της νύχτας

pendant la nuit (παντάν λα νυί)

Το ρολόι

(Note on time: the French use the 24 hour clock, with midnight being 0h00 (note that, except on digital clocks, in France an 'h' is used as a separator between hours and minutes as opposed to a colon in many other countries). However, the 12-hour clock is making some inroads and saying 1-11 in the afternoon or evening will be understood.

ώρα

heure (ερ)

λεπτό

minute (μινίτ)

10.20 ή "δέκα και είκοσι" = 10h20; "dix heures vingt" (διζ ερ βαν)

10.40 ή "Είκοσι λεπτά στις ένδεκα" = 10h40; "onze heures moins vingt" (ονζ ερ μουέν βαν)

Example: 7.15 or "quarter past seven" = 7h15; "sept heures et quart" (set er eh kahr)

quarter to

[hour] moins quart (mwa(n) kahr)

Example: 16.45 or "quarter to five" = 16h45; "dix sept heures moins le quart" (dee-set er mwan luh kahr)

half-past

et demie (eh duh-MEE); et demi (after 12 midnight or 12 noon, eh duh-MEE)

Example : 10.30 or "half past ten" = 10h30; "dix heures et demie" (deez er eh duh-MEE)

Example : 12.30 or "half past twelve" = 12h30; "douze heures et demi" (dooz er eh duh-MEE)

one o'clock AM, 1.00

1h00; une heure du matin (uun er duu ma-TAN)

two o'clock AM, 2.00

2h00; deux heures du matin (dooz er duu ma-TAN)

noon, 12.00

12h00; midi (mee-DEE)

one o'clock PM, 13.00

13h00; treize heures (traiyz er)

une heure de l'après-midi (uun er duh la-preh-mee-DEE)

two o'clock PM, 14.00

14h00; quatorze heures (KAH-torz er)

deux heures de l'après-midi (duz er duh la-preh-mee-DEE)

six o'clock PM, 18.00

18h00; dix-huit heure (deez-weet ER)

six heures du soir (seez er duu SWAR)

half past seven PM, 19.30

19h30; sept heures et demi (SET er eh duh-MEE)

dix-neuf heures trente (DEE-znuf er TRAHNT)

midnight, 0.00

0h00; minuit (mee-NWEE)

Διάρκεια

_____ minute(s)

_____ minute(s) (mee-NOOT)

_____ hour(s)

_____ heure(s) (er)

_____ day(s)

_____ jour(s) (zhoor)

_____ εβδομάδα

_____ semaine (σμαιν)

_____ μήνας

_____ mois (μουά)

_____ year(s)

_____ an(s) (ahng), année(s) (ah-NAY)

hourly

horaire (oh-RAIR)

καθημερινός

quotidien / quotidienne (ko-tee-DYAN / ko-tee-DYEN)

εβδομαδιαίος

hebdomadaire (eb-doh-ma-DAIYR)

μηνιαίος

mensuel / mensuelle (mang-suu-WEL)

ετήσιος

annuel / annuelle (ah-nuu-WEL)

How long is your vacation?

Combien de temps restez-vous en vacances ? (com-bee-AN duh ton res-TAY voo on VAH-kons);

Μένω στην Γαλλία για δέκα μέρες

Je reste en France pendant dix jours. (z ρεστ αν Φρανς παντάν ντι ζουρ)

Πόσο διαρκεί το ταξίδι?

Combien de temps le voyage dure-t-il ? (κομπιέν ντ ταμ λ βουαγιάζ ντυρ-τ-ιλ?)

Διαρκεί μιάμιση ώρα

Cela dure une heure et demie. (σελά ντυρ υν ερ ε ντεμί )